With massive waste produced everyday all
over the world, its disposal and reducing the same has been a concern for decades
now. Though improvements have been made in rubbish disposal methods by waste removal services, UK, they should
also be well adopted by the citizens.
Some of the environmental-friendly methods
which are common in UK are stated below.
1. Landfill
Each year approximately 111 million tonnes,
or 57%, of all UK of controlled waste namely household, commercial and
industrial waste are disposed of in landfill sites in UK. Some waste from
sewage sludge is also dumped in landfills, along with rubbish from mining and quarrying.
There were approximately 4000 landfill
sites in the UK as of 1994. Methane is released in considerable quantities when
landfill waste decomposes. It has been estimated that over 1.5 million tonnes
of methane are released by landfill sites in the UK each year. Methane being is
a strong greenhouse gas adds to global warming.
Waste
removal service London is working to dispose waste
in a way that is less harmful for the environment and better for the future.
2. Incineration
Incineration is the second most common
method of waste disposal. In UK alone, approximately 5% of household waste,
7.5% of commercial waste, and 2% of industrial waste is disposed of by this
process. A large amount of energy is given off when burning waste. Recent
incinerators use this energy to generate electricity and hence prevent energy
from being wasted.
In the 1990's, many hospitals in UK had
clinical waste incinerators. However, emissions from the burning of hazardous
hospital waste were found to be considerably higher. As a result many hospitals
were forced to shut the incinerators down under the Environmental Protection
Act of 1990.
Today, waste
removal service, UK, work to share one large incinerator to dispose of the
wastes for a number of hospitals.
3. Anaerobic Digestion
This is a more sustainable method where
waste is decomposed in a similar manner as in landfill sites, but in enclosed
chambers. An oxygen-free environment is required for anaerobic digestion to
take place. This environment allows bacteria to thrive by using the oxygen that
is chemically combined within the waste. They decompose waste by breaking down
the particles to form gaseous by-products (methane) and small amounts of solid
residue. Anaerobic sewage plants yield significant quantities of methane, which
can be burnt to produce electricity. Organic fertilisers like liquid and solid
are also formed which can be sold to cover operating costs.
Anaerobic digestion is not a major waste
disposal method in the UK. It has only a small quantity of plants, and each can
handle approximately 260-300 tonnes of waste per year. However, waste removal service London along with
the authorities is currently working to develop plants to increase the usage of
anaerobic digestion.
Apart from these 3 major waste removal
methods, there are a few as well.
· Pyrolysis
This is a morerecent method used by waste removal service, UK, which heats
organic waste without oxygen to produce carbonaceous char, oils and combustible
gases. To degrade the waste materials low temperatures of about 400-800°C are
used. The Non-Fossil Fuel Obligation has encouraged the use of pyrolysis
systems as a method to generate energy in the UK.
· Gasification
Though similar to pyrolysis, higher
operating temperatures are used, with 800-1100°C for air gasification, and
1000-1400°C with oxygen.
· Composting
The waste
removal service, London, is encouraging composting as the stabilised
product can be added to soil to improve soil structure, and also act as a
fertiliser and mulch. Organic waste, such as food or garden waste may be biodegraded
by composting. This method may take place over as little as 4-6 weeks, by which
time a stabilised product is produced.
These methods are to help the UK meet
maximum of recycling and composting from every household.
Must-mention sources: http://www.enviropedia.org.uk/Sustainability/Waste_Disposal.php
https://www.lordgrey.org.uk/~f014/usefulresources/aric/Resources/Fact_Sheets/Key_Stage_4/Waste/03.html
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